Interestingly, the fibrosis markers (Vim, Acta2 and Postn) and ECM genes (Col1a2, Col3a1 and Fn1) were upregulated in YB-1 knockdown mice (Figure 4I-J), demonstrating that knockdown of YB-1 promotes cardiac fibrosis and ECM remodeling. This evidence concerns the gene YBX1 and fibrosis.