CCND1 and colonic neoplasm: Consistently, VSTM2A significantly inhibited the expression of Wnt target genes cyclin D1 and c-myc, and β-catenin activation, but did not change β-catenin mRNA expression in 293T and RKO cells, suggesting secreted protein VSTM2A negatively regulated Wnt signaling pathway in colon cancer (Figure 3F and 3G).