When either CLG1 or HA was used as a base hydrogel in GBM cultures, fetal ECM supplement showed the upregulation of factors that are associated with tumor aggressiveness and growth, including IL-6, IGFBP2, MCP-1, TIMP-2, TIMP-1, MIG, IL-10, HGF, and NT-333–36 (Fig. 5c, d, Supplementary Fig. 8b, c). Here, TIMP1 is linked to neoplasm.