The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a comprehensive way the expression of the major intracellular players of the NF-κB alternative pathway of (NF-κΒ2, RelB, NIK and Bcl3) at the protein and mRNA levels, and to investigate the significance of these molecules as prognostic factors in NSCLC patients. The gene discussed is RELB; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.