When exposed to hypoxic conditions, PAAD cells generate exosomes that are rich in mir-301a-3p which induces M2 polarization of the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via the activation of PTEN/PI3Kγ in a HIF1A- or HIF2A-dependent manner, thereby promoting tumor cell EMT, invasiveness, and metastasis [28]. This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and neoplasm.