Moreover, LD motifs play a role in infectious diseases, because paxillin LD motifs are targets of a subset of human papilloma viruses, which cause cervical cancers (Vande Pol and Klingelhutz, 2013), and the Chlamydia virulence factor TarP uses a sequence mimicking paxillin LD motifs for remodelling actin to facilitate bacterial invasion (Thwaites et al., 2014). Here, PXN is linked to cervical carcinoma.