The levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in infected animals were always maintained significantly higher than those measured in the non-infected mice during the 48 h period of the assays (Fig. 6c–e), except for the IL-1ß and KC levels in mice infected with biofilm-dispersed bacteria which were not significantly different than those of the non-infected mice at the 24 h time point after infection (Fig. 6b). This evidence concerns the gene CALCA and infection.