PTEN and neoplasm: For example, ROS can transiently inactivate tumor suppressors such as phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) [34], protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) [35], and MAPK phosphatases [36] by oxidative modulation, thereby stimulating the prosurvival PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.