In summary, our findings suggested that serum miR-21, miR-25, miR-146a, and miR-181a were significantly downregulated in autoimmune diabetes and may be associated with regulation of the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes from various aspects, including autoimmunity, inflammation responses, pancreatic β-cell apoptosis, and impaired insulin secretion. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Autoimmunity.