It directly modulates proliferation of various cancer cell types including gastric and renal cancers by increasing expression of p21WAFI and interferon regulating factor (IRF-1) and decreasing cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-2 activities besides facilitating the infiltration of inflammatory cells such as macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils35. This evidence concerns the gene CDK2 and renal carcinoma.