The baseline serum levels of calprotectin and calgranulin C were evaluated in an initial cohort of 98 patients who either had benign pancreatic tumors (i.e., serous cystadenomas or pancreatic pseudocysts) or histologically confirmed malignant pancreatic tumors, including ductal adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma; 15 patients with biliary carcinoma, inconclusive histology findings, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia, or another type of tumor were excluded from the evaluation. The gene discussed is S100A12; the disease is serous cystadenoma.