Two genes related to DDS have been reported: Odf1, in studies of Odf1-deleted mice5,6 and HOOK1 (Hook microtubule-tethering protein 1), found to have a missense mutation of A to G (p.Q286R)) in infertile patients with teratozoospermia, called DDS syndrome7. The gene discussed is HOOK1; the disease is Abnormal sperm morphology.