To support the hypothesis of an association of these markers with an immunosuppressive status, the expression of both TLR3 and PD-1 on immune cells infiltrating the tumor stroma was strongly associated with the expression on tumor cells of COX-2, one of the major player of immunosuppression on both innate and adaptive response in the tumor microenvironment20, suggesting that tumor inflammatory microenvironment in these cases can recruit/drive immune cells with immunosuppressive features. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.