HP1BP3 and depressive symptom measurement: In previous research, investigators have predicted depression in the postpartum period from antenatal DNAm (focusing on loci at CpGs cg21326881 and cg00058938, in the promoter regions of the HP1BP3 and TTC9B genes, respectively)62; in that study, however, the sample included a large percentage of women with a history of mood disorders, thereby reducing confidence in elucidating the directional nature of this association.