Knowing the effect of VP on the transcriptional complex Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) of the Hippo signaling pathway25, we confirmed the significant downregulation of YAP1 target genes such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) in vitro for both HCC cell lines, without any regulation when combined with SF (Supplementary Fig. 1D). Here, CCN1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.