By utilizing primary myeloid cells, we found that FasL levels, together with the NF-κBp65 phosphorylation (NF-κBp-p65), were increased in primary myeloid cells isolated from the PVL-treated mice compared with those from SO mice (Fig. 4a), while the activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 was not affected in PVL-treated mice (Fig. 4b). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and periventricular leukomalacia.