GDF15 and sarcopenia: Furthermore, both males and females with sarcopenia had significantly higher GDF-15 levels, compared to those without sarcopenia (males, 1483 ± 1125 pg/mL vs. 3053 ± 2346 pg/m, p < 0.05; females, 891 ± 700 pg/mL vs. 1625 ± 1302 pg/mL, p < 0.05).