SOD1 and atherosclerosis: The antioxidant character of AMPK was reported to be a result of increasing level of SOD, and catalase (44) and inhibiting the release of ROS through inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase (45) .Many researches proved the ability of pioglitazone to augment the level of AMPK, and this may participate in protection against atherosclerosis (46), cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (47) and myocardial injury caused by metabolic syndrome (48).