We carried out a comparative analysis of the PI system and CMS, for which a total of four subclassifications of CRC have been described by an international consortium19: CMS1 with hypermutation, microsatellite unstable and strong immune activation; CMS2 with WNT and MYC signaling activation; CMS3 with evident metabolic dysregulation; and CMS4 with TGF–β activation, stromal invasion and angiogenesis. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.