The expression of GFP–SUMO1–RAC1 but not that of wild-type RAC1 re-established the invasive capacity of these breast cancer cells upon exposure to GA (Fig. 5J–L), as well as their migratory phenotype as assessed by the capacity to form lamellipodia and ruffled structures in the proximity of the plasma membrane (Fig. 5M,N). Here, SUMO1 is linked to breast carcinoma.