In accordance with this hypothesis, exposure to GA under conditions that did not affect cell viability (10 μM GA for 24 h) did inhibit breast cancer cell invasion and migration by more than 50% (Fig. 5A), as did genetic depletion of SUMO1 and UBC9 (Fig. 5B–E; Fig. S4B). This evidence concerns the gene UBE2I and breast carcinoma.