BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: Recently, Blein et al. conducted a large scale study of 11,421 breast cancer affected and 10,793 unaffected BRCA1/2 mutation carriers of European ancestry, and identified an inverse association between mtDNA haplogroup T1a1 and breast cancer risk (Hazard Ratio = 0.62, 95% Confidence Interval = 0.40–0.95; P = 0.03) [37].