E-cadherin is a known tumor suppressor that plays a central role in suppressing the invasive phenotype of cancer cells, and many researchers have demonstrated that reduced E-cadherin expression is emerging as a factor of poor prognosis in various types of carcinomas.[31–33] Nevertheless, the biological and clinical roles of the E-cadherin-related pathways in urothelial carcinomas are not yet clearly established. The gene discussed is CDH1; the disease is cancer.