MALAT1 and cancer: The up-regulation or down-regulation of many lncRNAs, such as MALAT1 and H19, contributed to oncogenesis by affecting proliferation, energetic metabolism and other cellular processes.[29–31] Many long non-coding RNAs have been identified in various cancer genomes, and can be used as novel biomarkers for cancer.[32] As multiple reports suggest, lncRNAs play an important role in urothelial carcinogenesis, such as bladder cancer.[33] Some lncRNAs, for example, MAGI2-AS3 and ADAMTS9-AS2 may serve as candidate diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for bladder cancer.[34]