Phosphorylation of Ser156 is known to trigger the release of AIMP2 from the MSC and subsequent translocation into the nucleus for interaction with Smurf2 to suppress the nuclear export of Smurf2 and hence elicit tumor-suppressive TGF-β signaling (Kim et al., 2016 ▸). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.