Infection by IOE also led to significant increased serum levels of IL-1 β and IL-6 following a similar pattern as observed with GM-CSF when compared to uninfected and E. muris-infected mice on days 5 and 7 p.i. (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, respectively) (Fig. 3A). The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is infection.