Additionally, it has been demonstrated that hyperglycemia increases the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in humans, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, and interleukin 8 [43,44] while simultaneously increasing the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) expression [43], which mediates osteoblast death and osteoclastogenesis, respectively (Figure 1) [35]. Here, TNF is linked to Hyperglycemia.