XPO1 and infection: In stark contrast, cells overexpressing mCherry-DDX3X(qmNESα) were substantially more susceptible to infection, with 200-fold higher levels of virus production (p ≤ 0.01) than those expressing wild-type DDX3X, strongly indicating that DDX3X’s ability to undergo nuclear export through the exportin-1-recognized NESα is key to its antiviral activity.