According to previous studies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) chemokines in EV71 patients with encephalitis or meningoencephalitis (ME), CSF IL-6, IL8, CCL5 and CXCL10 concentrations were significantly higher compared to patients with febrile convulsion (FC) [25,26]. The gene discussed is CXCL10; the disease is meningoencephalitis.