Besides ceRNA, exosomal lnc-MMP2-2 can promote EMT by acting as an “enhancer- like lncRNA” and can bind to the upstream site of MMP-2 gene, resulting in augmentation of MMP2 expression in TGF-β- mediated lung cancer invasion and also increasing vascular permeability [92]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is lung carcinoma.