Patients with impaired TLR3-mediated responses show an elevated susceptibility to Herpes Simplex-1 Virus (HSV-1)-mediated encephalitis by encoding TLR3-deficient alleles [102,103], or by encoding deficient TRAF3, TBK1 and TRIF molecules, leading to impaired TLR-3 signaling [104,105,106]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and viral encephalitis.