IGF1 and hemolytic-uremic syndrome: Sturm et al performed eye examinations in 69 of 87 children admitted with HUS over a 12-year period, including those without visual complaints, and found ocular involvement in only 3 patients; 2 of these patients had Purtscher-like presentations and 1 eventually developed neovascularization of the disc.[2] Ischemic retinal changes can cause hypoxia, which triggers production of angiogenic factors, including insulin-like growth factor 1, basic fibroblast growth factor, erythropoietin, and VEGF.