CD4 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Building upon our previous work demonstrating that lymphocyte counts and lymphocyte subsets are significantly decreased among patients with SLE who present with OIs,[17] our current findings demonstrate that total lymphocyte and CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts are significantly decreased among SLE patients with CMV disease, but not in those with CMV viremia alone or in patients without infection, suggesting additional studies are worthwhile to explore peripheral CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia as a potential biomarker for distinguishing the 2 clinical states in this population.