The study by Charles et al, a three-arm trial conducted in Egypt, documented a significantly lowered risk of PPH (≥500mL) following administration of 10 IU prophylactic oxytocin via IV infusion, compared to IM injection (Relative Risk of 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.91), but did not confirm any difference in PPH rates when comparing IV bolus to IM injection [13]. The gene discussed is OXT; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.