APOA1 and urinary bladder cancer: Expression of APOA1 in SCLC was considerably higher than in normal controls and the presence of elevated levels correlated with the recurrence of SCLC.13 The concentration of APOA1 was higher in the serum of HCC patients,14 which could be an inferior prognostic.15 APOA1 was increased in urine from bladder cancer patients and could be considered a diagnostic marker,16 with low preoperative serum APOA1 levels predicting longer survival.17 The role of APOA1 in breast cancer has been controversial.