In support of a link between BMP and HDACs, previous work has also shown that HDACs act to suppress BMP-promoted astrogliogenesis in the embryonic forebrain (Scholl et al., 2012) and that HDAC-dependent transcriptional repression of Bmp-7 potentiates TGF-β mediated renal fibrosis (Manson et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene HDAC9 and renal fibrosis.