The importance of IFN-γ in host defense against T. marneffei is best illustrated by the association of high-titer anti-IFNγ autoantibody with disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection, talaromycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, melioidosis, non-typhoidal salmonellosis, and severe varicella zoster virus infections in adults without HIV infection (15–20). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is histoplasmosis.