CXCL12 and neoplasm: These conditions induce the secretion of chemotactic factors such as VEGF, colony-stimulating factor 1-3 (CSF1-3), the CX chemokines CXCL12 (aka SDF1a) and CX3CL1, the CC-chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CCL22, interleukin IL6, semaphoring 3A and others that recruit immune cells to the tumor where they become programmed to facilitate angiogenesis by secreting proangiogenic factors (40, 43, 46, 54, 58–63) (Figure 2).