POMC and infantile spasms: Some studies have revealed that there are some changes in the brain inflammatory mediators in patients with epilepsy (13–15); anti-inflammatory effects of increased steroid hormone by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment could play a crucial role in the suppression of refractory epilepsy in West syndrome (16); intravenous immunoglobulin can suppress seizures in some types of intractable epilepsy, partially through reducing cytokines and suppressing astrocyte activation (17, 18).