There are alternatives like this promoting inflammation by effectors such as STAT 3, AP1, NF-κB, and TLRs which are constitutively upregulated in PD, while pathways considered as neuroprotective such as TGF-β, YY1, and mTOR are significantly downregulated in the microglia of patients with PD. This evidence concerns the gene YY1 and Parkinson disease.