Moreover, S. miltiorrhiza components such as Tan IIA can markedly reduce the area of collagen deposition in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and inhibit TGF-β1-triggered alveolar EMT in rat models, indicating a positive effect for prevention and treatment of lung fibrotic change associated with COPD (He et al., 2015; Tang et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.