For example, in SOD1-related ALS in humans, MNs that survive the disease process show upregulation of genes that promote neuronal survival—namely, those encoding the phosphatase and tensin homolog/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PTEN/PI3K/AKT) pathway [20]. The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.