Immunohistochemical staining showed that HCC patients with low TXNDC12 expression showed higher E-cadherin and lower Vimentin expression levels, as well as lower ZEB1 expression levels, than HCC patients with high TXNDC12 expression (Fig. 3h, Supplementary Fig. 3a–c). Here, TXNDC12 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.