Principal component analysis is a data-driven procedure, thus the isolation of a pure cancer subset at values greater than PC1 mean value (components have by construction zero mean and unit standard deviation) was an emergent property pointing to a clear-cut discrimination of BPH and PCa patients by exosome biomarkers (S-PSA, IC-ELISA, Log-NSFC). Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.