STAT3 and STAT5 knockdown in RA demonstrated that STAT3 increases Th17 but decreases Treg proportions, whereas STAT5 has the opposite effects on these cell populations [80], providing insights that STAT5 counteracts STAT3 activity on the reciprocal balance of Th17 and Tregs in the context of RA. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.