HLA-E and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Firstly, it was shown that HLA-E gene polymorphism was associated with the development of several human diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis [83], Kawasaki disease [84], rheumatoid arthritis [85], type 1 diabetes mellitus [86], pemphigus vulgaris [87], psoriatic arthritis [88], and hepatitis C virus infection [89].