Comparing the these pedestals’ size with the pedestal number in which only ZO‐1 signal was detected (phase 1), at 45 min and 1 hr of infection, the pedestals induced by EPEC were smaller in size and the number of these pedestals was higher (around 5 and 15 pedestals per field) than that observed in cells infected with EPECΔespF; meanwhile, afadin was not recruited at these times (Figure 4). This evidence concerns the gene TJP1 and infection.