For instance, while DENV‐specific T cells of those who had previous inapparent dengue made higher levels of granzyme B, those with past severe disease made more TNF‐α.19 Therefore, as with many other infections, apart from the magnitude and breath of the T‐cell response, the type of cytokines produced by virus‐specific T cells appear to associate with protection or pathogenesis. Here, TNF is linked to dengue disease.