MAPK3 and diabetes mellitus: In the MAPK signalling pathway, as shown in Figure 5B, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 that were activated by diabetes were increased in the GKCT group, while the expression of phospho‐ERK1/2, phospho‐JNK and phospho‐p38 were down‐regulated by kirenol treatment in a dose‐dependent manner.