Increased expression of genes that confer favorable breast cancer outcomes (Klf6, Klf9, Nid2, Ntn4, Per1, and Txnip) and decreased expression of those associated with aggressive disease (Bcar3, Cldn12, Csf1, Jag1, Lgals3, Lypd3, Nme1, Ptges2, Ptgs1, and Smarcb1) in choline supplemented group. The gene discussed is CLDN12; the disease is breast carcinoma.