Sixth, we have previously shown that RAGE-aptamer not only inhibits VEGF and MCP-1 gene expression in both AGE-exposed G361 melanoma cells and endothelial cells, but also suppresses THP-1 cell adhesion to, and tube formation of, AGE-exposed endothelial cells, thus suggesting the pathological role of VEGF and MCP-1 protein expression in AGE-RAGE-induced neoangiogenesis and macrophage infiltration in G361 melanoma [17]. Here, CCL2 is linked to melanoma.